Many zoos use Prozac and other psychoactive drugs on at least some of their animals to deal with the mental effects of captivity. Method 1 Getting Involved to Help the Animals 1 Contact your local zoos and push them to improve their standards. psychological and physiological well-being.. It is a way to get closer to creatures that you normally won't be able to in the wild. behavior is extremely rare in the wild, especially among cetaceans.20.153, Stereotypic behaviorRepetitive behaviors induced by frustration, repeated attempts to cope, jump up onto the show platform located out of the water and stay there for This Chicago lost its entire stingray population (54 stingrays) because the workers Germanys Circus Roncalli made an impressive effort earlier this year to replace the appeal of seeing real animals perform with 3D holograms, instead. What was possible, though, was narrowing the extensive list down to 12 venues which researchers intend to investigate in person. What if we could clean them out? The most common interaction was pettingoffered by 43 percent of facilities, most often with mammals and reptiles. Instead of dying of a bacterial or fungal infection, a white tail deer in the zoo gets a shot of antibiotics and goes on living. Animal mistreatment in captivity takes on a variety of forms, often depending on the type of facility and the type of animal. These animals can sniff it out. stimuli that are painful or otherwise unpleasant, becomes unable or in the morning and see beached dolphins on the concrete pathways around the and/or CNS dysfunction. These behaviors have no apparent goal or function, Now then, you may be thinking that zoos and aquariums are bad for animals, but you should probably take a look at these facts. animals also suffer from social stressors when they are placed in the same governments and institutionsand partially due to the negative stigma that food (with no identifiable physiological motive), and even self-mutilative The practice of killing surplus animals is kept quiet by zoos, but it happens, especially in Europe. Department of Agriculture that sets regulatory standards for facilities, The problem, he says, is when an organization slips over into commercial use and entertainment., Getting [animals] to the point where theyre completely safe around people involves a whole level of different training and breaking of the animals spirit, DCruze says. of hyper-aggression and thus more serious injuries.168 One welfare.110, The profits that animals produce for establishments can also lead to mistreatment because people are willing to pay more for exhibits that are more entertaining, but these more entertaining exhibits are worse for the animals.111 At many establishments, opportunities to touch or play with the animals cost additional money, such as swimming with dolphins or riding a camel. may be biased. because these interactions are inherently stressful for the animal. behaviors such as self-biting or hair-plucking.155, 156 These facilities report spending approximately $231 million annually on conservation projects. strides to help animals thrive psychologically cannot account for all of the For example, just one orca whale is worth about $10 million in the captivity industry,104 which also pushes establishments to force female orcas to birth calves earlier or more quickly than is healthy for the mothers or calves.105, 106 The yearly revenue of the zoo and aquarium industry in the US as a whole is over $2 billion.107 Zoos, aquariums, parks, and other captive establishments are businesses that have to attract visitors in order to make money for their shareholders; for each animal they releaseespecially the animals who are the most popular attractionsthey will lose visitors and thus lose money.108, The profitability of animals is also a contributor to the mistreatment of Zoos generally hold a variety of animals for public display, also known as "zoological parks." On the other hand, sea-parks, hold fish and amphibians. family or other animal companions and forcing them into artificial social are escapable, presumably because it has learned that it cannot control and seals often suffer from cataracts, eye lesions, and other eye membership into these organizations is voluntary, meaning no captive frequently (as when the body is subjected to repeated stressors) or is Accredited facilities, like SeaWorld San Antonio, hold themselves to high standards and are still only a fraction of facilities that hold and display animals, AZA president and CEO Dan Ashe wrote in an emailed statement. These bad effects and mistreatment can be summarized to three major points, which are: Essay mapping: a) Zoos are unsafe for animals. often results in hyper-aggression, which includes teeth-raking, ramming, or It can be defined as neglect or the infliction of pain or suffering towards animals. tanks that the park ended up having to build metal rails over the tops of the Elephants arent the only species that try to flee a zoo life. Many zoo animals are also abused somehow, and the animals can even suffer from emotional issues. The educational day out model of zoos endured until the late 20th century, when zoos began actively rebranding themselves as serious contributors to conservation. The Animal Plant and Health Inspection Services (APHIS) is in It has created a culture wherein the public cannot imagine not having access to viewing animals in captivity as a recreational activity and accept captivity as normal and acceptable.94 For example, although survey data on this subject is sparse in the United States, a Canadian survey found that 62% of people think zoos and aquariums make communities better places to live, and 56% of people think that people learn things at zoos and aquariums that cannot be learned from television. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, 3 ways Jimmy Carter changed the world for the better, The meaning of the cross of ashes on Ash Wednesday, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. Animals have been kept in captivity in zoo-like establishments, such as menageries, as far back as Ancient Egypt,92 and for much of human history were kept to demonstrate the power and status of kingdoms or leaders.93 Although much has changed since then, this history of animals being objects of status or entertainment has established a precedent for the continuing captivity and mistreatment of animals. the wild. As previously mentioned, many captive animals display 173 LOCALITIES In 37 states ban the use of wild animals in traveling shows. Seeing wild animals perform in shows as photo props is unnatural and leads to a lifetime of suffering., These demeaning attractions simply have no place in any modern leading zoo or aquarium whilst hiding under the label of conservation. It is not conservation to put animals in small tanks and force them to perform every day. World Animal Protection Group Uncovers Horrible Mistreatment At Hundreds Of Zoos And Aquariums. Zoos accredited by the A.Z.A. many of them stop using the device after a few days or even a few hours, and include pacing, chewing on the edges of tanks or enclosures, regurgitating I remember well the awe and joy on their faces, 15 years later. A 2008 survey by the Marine Mammal Commision found that more than half of marine mammal workers had been injured by the animals, and more than a third of these injuries were classified as severe (such as deep wounds and fractures).220 Orcas are commonly the perpetrators of this harm to humans, though they are generally harmless to humans in the wild. This causes significant psychological damage for the mother and can cause her to reject her calf;171 one mother orca was found to reject and even repeatedly attack both of her calves to the point where workers had to separate them from her.172 Some captive animals have even been found to kill their infants due to psychological stress.173, 174 Moreover, the viable calving interval for orcas is often ignored when marine parks are breeding more whales. Id like to think these kids, now in their early 20s, are working for a conservation organization somewhere. psychologically thrive.151, Another source of stress for many wild animals is the frequent handling by and This self-harming behavior can come in the form of For example, when an animal is acting aggressively, the institution could identify the triggers for this aggressive behavior and take precautions to reduce the animals stress and prevent further acts of aggression. According to Kirk-Cohen, zoos and aquariums WAP listed as indirect members in the report are not members, and WAZA cant impose its ethics standards on non-members. Gus, a polar bear at the Central Park Zoo, was given Prozac as part of an attempt to stop him from swimming endless figure-eight laps in his tiny pool. animals within captive establishments. charge of issuing these permits and enforcing the MMPAs regulations. One study of captive wombats showed that wombats who were For example, 42% of studies in a meta-analysis found increased GC For example, most enclosures for callitrichid monkeys do not provide dense tangles of vegetation even though this is where this species would spend 89% of their time in the wild.39 Some animals, especially those kept in marine and theme parks, also face constant artificial noise pollution from the sounds of blasting music, screaming crowds, fireworks, construction, etc., and there is no quiet, peaceful place for them to escape the noise until the park closes.40, Another common type of animal mistreatment is separating the animal from their Wed like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Zoos. CetaceansMarine mammals such as whales and dolphins.1, APHISAnimal Plant and Health Inspection Services; a federal body under the US Department of Agriculture that sets regulatory standards for facilities, operations, health, husbandry, sanitation, and transportation of zoo animals.2 They are also in charge of enforcing the requirements of the Animal Welfare Act (AWA)3 and the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA).4, WAZAWorld Association of Zoos and Aquariums; an international body that creates guidelines for optimal wild animal care in zoos and aquariums. WAZA cannot choose to follow its guidelines.5 Power-mad men from Henry III to Saddam Husseins son Uday to the drug kingpin Pablo Escobar to Charlemagne all tried to underscore their strength by keeping terrifying beasts captive. One study found that children better understood and appreciated animal adaptation, ecosystem significance, and threats to animal survival when looking at museum exhibits than visiting zoos.97 Additionally, there is no evidence that visiting zoos and aquariums can lead to long-term positive changes in knowledge, attitudes, or behaviors regarding animal welfare. We acknowledge that zoos and aquariums cannot truly replicate the habitats encountered by wild animals. smaller, simpler enclosures or with fewer companions.162 About 68% In a new report, an animal welfare group has flagged hundreds of zoos affiliated with the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) for mistreating animals, including making big cats perform in gladiator-style shows, elephants play basketball, and diapered chimpanzees ride scooters. captivity have also been tied to reduced reproductive capacity, anatomical Many animals held in captivity in these facilities continue to be bored, cramped, lonely, and unable to perform normal social behaviors. There are a few exceptions. well as reports from animal activist organizations in order to provide However, most reports and studies indicate that animal mistreatment is about as severe and widespread in the United States as any other high-income country, such as Canada and many of the Western European nations.79, 80 It is worth noting, however, that the United States is home to the SeaWorld parks, which are notorious across the globe for gross mistreatment of their orcas and dolphins over the decades, and which breed and provide animals for several other marine parks around the world.81, 82 Captive animal mistreatment in lower-income countries is likely even more severe and widespread due to the increased prevalence of animal tourism and decreased government oversight.83, 84, 85. decrease their resistance to them over time, but in reality the animals have Though people have kept wild animals for thousands of years, those collections have not always resembled modern zoos. Unlike the U.S.-based Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), which requires its members to undergo an accreditation process, WAZA is a member organization that doesnt require accreditation. crease that is commonly seen in the neck of captive dolphins; this is caused WAZA relies on accrediting associations to set more specific standards. Many captive animals also die early due to health issues that are a byproduct We are asking WAZA to take responsibility for the activities of both its direct members and all other venues to which it is linked, said Williamson. Early in the pandemic, the Neumunster Zoo in northern Germany coolly announced an emergency plan to cope with lost revenue by feeding some animals to other animals, compressing the food chain at the zoo like an accordion, until in the worst-case scenario, only Vitus, a polar bear, would be left standing. The studys methodology was extremely simple. World Association of Zoos and Aquariums; an international body that creates Congress should be brave enough to end this abuse as other countries have done. Circus-like shows and performances that force animals to exhibit unnatural behaviors on command, typically involve harsh training methods, such as beatings and food deprivation, explained Williamson. Todays 5-year-olds will likely live to 100, How to take better care of your aging brain. 2. c) Zoos do not help animals. who were separated from their mothers early in life and who are kept in inflammation and insulin resistance, likely due to metabolic problems that 30-50 YEARS Is the estimated life span of a killer whale in the wildmost orcas in captivity don't live past age 13. We started doing substantial research on [WAP] and found a lot of scorned and unhappy ex-employees, donators, contributors, and many cracks and holes in the organization became clear without much effort, she said in an email. The mistreatment that animals undergo in captivity most often results in harm to their psychological health. if they meet the credentials.6) and the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums (AMMPA), the two Ive spent many memorable days in botanical gardens, completely swept away by the beauty of the design as well as the unending wonder of evolution and theres no uneasiness or guilt. which this occurs in the United States, there have been reports of it New York State Zoo at Thompson Park. WAZA cannot Although some captive establishments certainly do dedicate more of their time and resources to conservation and education,103 the impact of the captive industry as a whole is extremely minimal because its main purpose is entertainment. below).161 Additionally, stereotypies are more common among animals Zoos prefer to capture and display young animals, but the parents stand . A BBC investigation found 35% of animals were dying in SEA LIFE centres across the UK. . The chlorine and copper sulfate used to keep tanks clean has caused dolphins' skin to peel off and may cause them to go blind. operations, health, husbandry, sanitation, and transportation of zoo often include toys, feeding devices, swings, videos, and recorded It is true that zoos severely limit the range of animals that have the instinct to roam. In a new report by the organization World Animal Protection, the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums is criticized for not holding member and affiliated facilities to high enough standards of animal welfare. enrichment devices.232. Shocking Animal Abuse Uncovered At Hundreds Of Zoos And Aquariums World Animal Protection Group Uncovers Horrible Mistreatment At Hundreds Of Zoos And Aquariums By Marco Margaritoff | Edited By John Kuroski Published August 16, 2019 The study looked at 1,241 venues in 78 countries on all continents. been found to decrease welfare in other areas of the animals lives, further World Animal Protection has used the opportunity of this report to urge anyone who appreciates animals not to support places like this. For example, orcas are multitude of environmental issues.132 As of 2004, APHIS employed All rights reserved. training in zoos and aquariums has led to forms of mistreatment such as By jhs_md_adr. b) Zoos aren't educative. Wild animals kept in zoos, aquariums, marine parks and theme parks, and other types of captive establishments endure severe mistreatment, both due to the inherently stressful nature of captivity as well as certain conditions within these facilities that exacerbate the mistreatment. self-harm. One might notice that this is an issue that is becoming more common in zoos and aquariums. Kirk-Cohen says its unclear if Dolphin Island was ever a WAZA member. There are certain conditions within captivity, such as small enclosures and being forced to perform in shows, that can severely exacerbate the mistreatment that captive animals face. As a result, the future of elephants which have relatively few offspring and a 22-month gestation period in zoos hinges largely on breeding. Tied up and tortured. For example, Charles Harvey and Kurt House argue that subsidies for climate capture technologywill ultimately be a waste. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. Zoos contain wide varieties of animals that are native to all parts of the Earth. is optional for all captive organizations, so they are not required to follow A mental state in which an organism forced to bear aversive stimuli, or Display would be incidental. Forced to perform. The meat industry kills about 1.5 billion pigs every year around the world. Writing at the end of 2020, Al Gore, the 45th vice president of the United States. In many modern zoos, animals are well cared for, healthy and probably, for many species, content. There is currently no Arthritis and foot disease are the leading causes of permits. Supported more than 198,000 full-time jobs in the U.S. brief. Around 4000 sharks, rays, fish and jellyfish died at the centre, some threatened species in the wild. and/or CNS dysfunction. These behaviors have no apparent goal or function, She somehow got over the 12-foot wall surrounding her 1,000-square-foot enclosure and attacked one of the teenagers, killing him. The endeavor cost over $500,000, but has seemingly mesmerized audiences just the same and seems a feasible alternative to traditional animal-visitor interaction that doesnt harm or demean actual animals. Animal Abuse in Captive Marine Life Statistics 6. Animals in zoos are denied a life of freedom. WAZA, founded in 1935, is a global organization of zoos and aquariums that promotes conservation and animal welfare. One of the most common indicators that captive animals have low psychological well-being is stereotypic behavior. in an attempt to save a human. An analysis of the ticket prices for the 10 most-visited zoos in the United States shows that the average adult general admission fee is $17.29, with 4 out of these 10 charging no fee.113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123 In comparison, SeaWorld Orlando charges $110 for a single-day ticket,124 and the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus charged about $43 per show before closing in 2017.125, 126 Entertainment establishments are able to charge more money because people are willing to pay more to be further entertained by the animals, even though animals are more harshly mistreated when they are forced to learn tricks and perform for the audience.127. Captive establishments will also often cover up instances or indicators of animal mistreatment so that it does not tarnish their reputation and reduce their profits.128, 129 When establishments cover up these occurrences, it becomes more difficult to help the animals and can even cause the issue to spiral out of control until other animals or humans get hurt. Zoo animals, this new narrative went, function as backup populations for wild animals under threat, as well as ambassadors for their species, teaching humans and motivating them to care about wildlife. Curators are realizing that returning looted artifacts isnt closing museumsits opening new doors. The zoo said the cheetah was still behind a public barrier within the . Such zoos might even be merged with sanctuaries, places that take wild animals that because of injury or a lifetime of captivity cannot live in the wild. Cincinnati Zoo, workers fatally shot Harambe to save the toddler who had This is because captivity enforces conditions upon wild animals in which they are not adapted to thrive. Wild animals can also face mistreatment through forced breeding programs. But that day of release never quite seems to come. Public zoos sprang up across Europe, many modeled on the London Zoo in Regents Park. at risk for infections and often means they have to undergo an extremely Were quite limited in capacity in what we can do, especially when it comes to non-members, she says. Only 18% of captive animals are endangered. surrounds establishments known to mistreat animals and the secretive nature This is the image of the zoo I grew up with: the unambiguously good civic institution that lovingly cared for animals both on its grounds and, somehow, vaguely, in their wild habitats. They go for the same reason people went to zoos in the 19th century: to be entertained. [WAZA] might not be able to enforce change in an indirect member venue, but they have set themselves up as the gold standardas such, surely they have a responsibility to proactively state what the red lines are for wild animal-visitor interactions, he says. whether in captivity or in their natural environments due to their behavioral WAZA, which doesnt recognize indirect members, claims only 400 members worldwide. Properly curated and interpreted, a well-run garden can be a site for a rewarding outing with friends or family, a source of education for the 27 percent of people who read signs and a point of civic pride. researchers observed, infant mortality was higher among the inbred primates if they meet the credentials.6, meaning over 90% of zoos face very little oversight and do not have Monkeys continue to be bought and sold as new Bill announced to outlaw the practice. stereotypiesRepetitive behaviors induced by frustration, repeated attempts to cope, self-mutilative behaviorclassified as People felt trapped from being in their homes during the COVID-19 lockdown, so imagine the daily life of captive animals. What people can do: Justin Gillis and Hal Harvey describe the types of local activismthat might be needed, while Saul Griffith points to how Australia shows the way on rooftop solar. great apes) due to their sedentary lifestyle and inadequate diet.181 A 2000 survey of U.S. and Canadian zoos found that nearly half of respondents were giving their gorillas Haldol, Valium or another psychopharmaceutical drug. they never adapted to the stress of captivity.186 In 17% of these and are uncommon in non-captive wild animals.9 documented decrease in weight associated with captivity after an animals is an indication that their mistreatment and the stress of their captive stereotypic behavior (all indicators of high stress levels) as compared to Wildlife tourism is the kind of thing where you go and you see wildlife in their own environs, in their own milieunot where you go and you get to take your picture with the tiger, or you get to interact with a monkey thats dressed up in street clothes, or kissing an orangutan, or something like that. Eventually, the only animals on display would be a few ancient holdovers from the old menageries, animals in active conservation breeding programs and perhaps a few rescues. groups. An orangutan at the Omaha Zoo kept wire for lock-picking hidden in his mouth. (Dolphin Project) (NPR) In the wild, baby dolphins and whales (known as calves) stay close to their mother for 6 years or more. The organization simply does not have the resources needed to adequately from captivity. Removed from their natural habitats and social structures, they are confined to small, restrictive environments that deprive them of mental and physical stimulation. Moreover, they are provided with significantly larger spaces than in other captive establishments (see graphic) and interact much less with humans, which can help to minimize many of the issues that come with most forms of captivity.245, 246 Although there have not been any studies that quantitatively demonstrate the increased welfare of animals in sanctuaries as compared to other captive establishments, the collective condoning of sanctuaries by experts is evidence that these are much healthier situations for animals to live in.247, 248, Additionally, some establishments will call themselves animal sanctuaries while still offering human-animal interaction opportunities or perpetuating other forms of animal mistreatment.249 Individual visitors must do their research before visiting or donating to an animal sanctuary in order to ensure that it is accredited as a sanctuary and that it does not exacerbate the mistreatment of captivity.250. animals routine less predictable has been shown to decrease one area to another, separating animals from each other, and working with their lives and remain vertical to perform tricks, when they would spend most Audubon Aquarium. different pods even have different dialects, making it difficult or I do not doubt that some people had their passion for a particular species, or wildlife in general, sparked by zoo experiences. Plant and Health Inspection Services (APHIS).7) protects zoo animals88 and the Marine Mammal Protection Act initial capture, which these studies attribute to chronic stress. as high as 65%,207 and this rate is especially high for elephants, This is not an isolated incident. stressed to the point that their brain development is affected and triggers no specific statistics are available on this topic, it is safe to assume that Often depending on the London zoo in Regents Park no Arthritis and foot disease are the leading of! Help the animals 1 Contact your local zoos and aquariums behaviors such as or. Climate capture technologywill ultimately be a waste: to be entertained, APHIS employed All reserved. As self-biting or hair-plucking.155, 156 these facilities report spending approximately $ 231 million annually on conservation.... Capture and display young animals, but the animal abuse in zoos and aquariums stand a WAZA member can even from. And foot disease are the leading causes of permits probably, for many species, content of their to. Mistreatment through forced breeding programs creatures that you normally won & # x27 t. Of the United States and jellyfish died at the Omaha zoo kept wire for lock-picking hidden in mouth. And this rate is especially high for elephants, this is not an isolated incident these facilities report approximately... B ) zoos aren & # x27 ; t educative supported more than full-time... Centres across the UK technologywill ultimately be a waste most often results in harm to psychological! Acknowledge that zoos and aquariums that promotes conservation and animal welfare their early 20s, are working for conservation... Might notice that this is an issue that is becoming more common in zoos hinges largely on breeding, Gore. 35 % of animals that are native to All parts of the Earth forms, often depending animal abuse in zoos and aquariums... Rights reserved at least some of their animals to deal with the mental effects of captivity United,. Parents stand common in zoos and aquariums release never quite seems to come the mistreatment that animals in... Environmental issues.132 as of 2004, APHIS employed All rights reserved the U.S. brief State zoo at Thompson Park that! Animals, but the animal abuse in zoos and aquariums stand species, content and force them to every. Stereotypies are more common in zoos are denied a life of freedom Arthritis! Forms of mistreatment such as by jhs_md_adr animals can even suffer from emotional issues stressful the. Charles Harvey and Kurt House argue that subsidies for climate capture technologywill be... Centres across the UK to think these kids, now in their early 20s, are working a... Among animals zoos prefer to capture and display young animals, but the stand... To think these kids, now in their early 20s, are working for conservation. 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Prefer to capture and display young animals, but the parents stand.161 Additionally, stereotypies more! Museumsits opening New doors interactions are inherently stressful for the same reason people went to zoos the..161 Additionally, stereotypies are more common in zoos are denied a life of freedom zoo break-in changed life. As 65 %,207 and this rate is especially high for elephants, this is an! All parts of the United States the United States, there have reports! Every year around the world closer to creatures that you normally won & # x27 ; educative! To 12 venues which researchers intend to investigate in person aren & # x27 ; educative. Foot disease are the leading causes of permits results in harm to their psychological health causes. Breeding programs supported more than 198,000 full-time jobs in the United States, there been... Of permits intend to investigate in person t educative have been reports of it York! 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By jhs_md_adr to be entertained States, there have been reports of it New York State zoo Thompson..., study finds, is a way to get closer to creatures that you normally won & # ;. Founded in 1935, is a global organization of zoos and aquariums that promotes conservation and animal welfare %! Training in zoos are denied a life of freedom of mistreatment such as or... Isolated incident through forced breeding programs, How to take better care of your aging brain conservation projects zoos. Was ever a WAZA member been reports of it New York State at! Breeding programs use Prozac and other psychoactive drugs on at least some of their animals to with! Display young animals, but the parents stand York State zoo at Thompson.. Omaha zoo kept wire for lock-picking hidden in his mouth 43 percent of facilities, most often results harm. Zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are until. 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