And what could be more glorious than to challenge the Emperor himself in the great arena? Marcus Aurelius. ( Public Domain ). He engaged in one-on-one combat with many other gladiators, each of whom was obliged to lose to the emperor. His tumultuous reign as emperor was the starting point for a period of Roman history that is viewed as having been filled with chaos and decline. After those attempts on his life, Commodus spent much of his time outside Rome, mostly on the family estates at Lanuvium. The powerful ending of "Gladiator" makes it one of those movies guaranteed to make anyone cry, but it's also oddly satisfying. Be warned, though:If you thought Maximus's death was sad, you really won't like this. When Marcia found a list of people Commodus intended to have executed, she discovered that she, the prefect Laetus and Eclectus were on it. Ulpius Marcellus was replaced as governor of Britain by Pertinax; brought to Rome and tried for treason, Marcellus narrowly escaped death. Commodus brought an end to his father's campaign against the Germans. The poison failed, so Narcissus entered Commodus's bedchamber. [4] Commodus was supposedly in a drunken stupor after Marcia had poisoned him [1] and Narcissus proceeded to strangle his master in his bathtub [1] or, according to Herodian, in his bed. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Commodus. He is based in the UK and studied English at Kings College London. View GLADIATOR - CHW3M.docx from HIS CHW3M at Wexford Collegiate School for the Arts. This assassination attempt was successful, and both Commodus reign as Roman Emperor, and his life, ended on the final day of 192. His tale was not believed and he was immediately put to death. The conclusion of Gladiator sees Commodus killed by Maximus in the gladiators final fight, but what are the true details of the emperors death? [32] As mentioned above, he ordered many statues to be made showing him dressed as Hercules with a lion's hide and a club. . Sources diverge on the origins of the conspiracy, with some claiming Lucilla was jealous of Commodus wife Crispina (incest between Commodus and Lucilla is suggested in Gladiator) while others maintain she saw the first warning signs of her brothers mental instability. Gladiator's Commodus death, therefore, is a pertinent conclusion to Maximus storyline in Gladiator, but it consequentially abstracts the film's historical basis. Unfortunately, the damage to Rome was already done. In AD 191, he took over more of the reins of power, though he continued to rule through a cabal consisting of Marcia, his new chamberlain Eclectus, and the new praetorian prefect Quintus Aemilius Laetus. Ser. Under Commodus, Rome had descended from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust. Much like Nero had supposedly fiddled while Rome burned, Commodus enjoyed himself as the city decayed around him. Contemporary Roman writer Cassius Dio describes the young heir as rather simple-minded, but he ruled agreeably with his father and joined Marcus Aurelius in the Marcomannic Wars against the Germanic tribes along the Danube, which the emperor had been waging for several years. However, in private practice fights, Commodus would slay his opponents. Ultimately, it is believed that Commodus outlandish behavior led to his eventual assassination. Commodus as Killing Machine and Gladiator Commodus as Megalomaniac The End of Commodus Like Father, Not Like Son Commodus's father Marcus Aurelius was a morally upright and beloved emperor who ruled Rome through a devastating plague epidemic and endless frontier wars against invading Germanic tribes. Before his death, the Emperor chooses Maximus to be his heir over his own son, Commodus, and a power struggle leaves . Wikimedia CommonsEmperor Commodus lust for power is widely credited with bringing an end to the fabled Pax Romana. According to Cassius Dio, Commodus once killed 100 lions in a single day. He also believed himself to be a reincarnation of Hercules and enjoyed fighting in an arena as a gladiator. He later killed his father after he announced that General Maximus Meridius would be his successor. Innumerable statues around the empire were set up portraying him in the guise of Hercules, reinforcing the image of him as a demigod, a physical giant, a protector, and a warrior who fought against men and beasts (see "Commodus and Hercules" and "Commodus the Gladiator" below). Roman artwork, 191 - 192 AD. Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161. Striking story! Gracchus and Commodus stared evenly at eachother, with mutual hatred. Striking story! Watching him collapse and die after restoring his own freedom and ridding Rome of its Tyrant in Chief seems like, well, a downer. Commodus's death is an example of how the film has historical references but often distorts them to create its narrative Gladiator's Commodus being less power-hungry than his historical counterpart refocuses the movie around Maximus' personal struggle rather than the wider Roman political landscape. Als besonders skandals empfand man die Beziehung zwischen Eppia, einer Frau aus reicher Familie, die Senatorengattin war, und dem Gladiator Sergiolus. Commodus, the son of the famous Emperor Marcus Aurelius, lived an interesting life, combining 15 years of rule alongside his father with 16 years of chaos. It seems likely that he was raised in an atmosphere of Stoic asceticism, which he rejected entirely upon his accession to sole rule. His father was Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius , and his mother was Faustina the Younger. Commodus would also slay exotic animals, such as lions, ostriches, hippos, elephants, and giraffes. Commode-Hercule et l'anthropologie hercalenne,", M.P. Dying and going to Elysium is a more fitting reward for him than taking control of Rome. Marcus Aurelius died there on 17 March 180, leaving the 18-year-old Commodus as sole emperor.[18]. "I won't be in here forever!" rasped Commodus. Cleander was in fact the person who had murdered Saoterus. All Action 473K subscribers 86K 11M views 1 year ago #Gladiator #RidleyScott #AllAction Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) challenges Maximus (Russell Crowe) in combat in the hopes of killing him. During his solo reign, the Roman Empire enjoyed reduced military conflict compared with the reign of Marcus Aurelius. However, just when the days of the mad emperors seemed long gone, Commodus brought the madness roaring back. Commoduss father was Marcus Aurelius, an emperor who presided over what has been regarded as one of ancient Romes golden ages. On December 31, 192, his advisers had him strangled by a champion wrestler, following his announcement the day before that he would assume the consulship, dressed as a gladiator. He also had the head of the Colossus of Nero adjacent to the Colosseum replaced with his own portrait, gave it a club, placed a bronze lion at its feet to make it look like Hercules Romanus, and added an inscription boasting of being "the only left-handed fighter to conquer twelve times one thousand men".[23]. The Iliad can provide new insights on the role of motherhood among the ancient Greek gods, and by extension, amongst ancient mortal Greek women themselves. While fighting in the arena, opponents would submit to Commodus, as emperor, and their lives were spared. It appeared that he had no interest in being a leader, and only wanted to take advantage of his leadership powers to fulfill his own desires. The three of them plotted to assassinate the emperor. In April 175, Avidius Cassius, Governor of Syria, declared himself emperor following rumours that Marcus Aurelius had died. However, even these favorites were not safe from his fury. In the story of Gladiator, the Roman general Maximus is betrayed by the evil Emperor Commodus. Commodus mistress, Marcia, played an important role in his assassination. Intro: 0:00. ", Roman coins featuring Commodus. [16] On 1 January 177, Commodus became consul for the first time, which made him, aged 15, the youngest consul up to that time (the minimum age for the consulship was around 30). Commodus did initially engage in some leadership-oriented activities, although not always in the favor of the Roman people. In 182 A.D., Commodus sister Lucilla organized an attempt on her brothers life. [35] According to Herodian, spectators of Commodus thought it unbecoming of an emperor to take up arms in the amphitheater for sport when he could be campaigning against barbarians among other opponents of Rome. After a string of months where Commodus killed hundreds of animals in the arena, and a huge fire ravaged the city things got really bad. Early Life - Chapter I: 1:03. [10] Among his teachers, Onesicrates, Antistius Capella, Titus Aius Sanctus, and Pitholaus are mentioned.[10][11]. On 15 October 184 at the Capitoline Games, a Cynic philosopher publicly denounced Perennis before Commodus. Far from celebrating his descent from Marcus Aurelius, the actual source of his power, he stressed his own personal uniqueness as the bringer of a new order, seeking to re-cast the empire in his own image. His great simplicity, however, together with his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions, and it was through them that he at first, out of ignorance, missed the better life and then was led on into lustful and cruel habits, which soon became second nature."[26]. Instead, he devoted himself to his harem of 300 females and a like number of males, played gladiator at Rome's. The following year, Commodus became Aurelius co-emperor, and they reigned together from then until Aurelius death in 180. Despite the fact that Commodus caused much anger and resentment during his reign, few written records were kept about his life. Strange that they didn't kill him earlier. In 180 AD, Marcus Aurelius died, leaving Commodus as sole Emperor of Rome. Commodus, in full Caesar Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus, original name (until 180 ce) Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, (born August 31, 161 ce, Lanuvium, Latium [now Lanuvio, Italy]died December 31, 192), Roman emperor from 177 to 192 (sole emperor after 180). We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. At the urging of his mistress Marcia, Commodus had Cleander beheaded and his son killed. While co-emperor, Commodus became the youngest consul up until that point in Roman history. In 186 he had his chief minister executed in order to appease the army; three years later he allowed the ministers successor to be killed by a rioting crowd. This caused much outrage, and inspired prefect Laetus to start a conspiracy to assassinate the emperor. All the months of the year were renamed to correspond exactly with his (now twelve) names: Lucius, Aelius, Aurelius, Commodus, Augustus, Herculeus, Romanus, Exsuperatorius, Amazonius, Invictus, Felix, and Pius. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Gladiator movie clips: http://j.mp/1Je0zMpBUY THE MOVIE: http://amzn.to/v7o2YKDon't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6prCLIP DESCRIPTION:Afte. Speidel, "Commodus the God-Emperor and the Army,", This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 22:16. A bust of Roman Emperor Commodus, styled as if he were a reincarnation of Hercules, which is precisely what he believed himself to be. The title suggests that Commodus was present at his father's victory over the Marcomanni. Commodus' famous gesture, which he gives when deciding the fate of defeated gladiators In 166, at the age of five, Commodus was made Caesar, along with his younger brother Marcus Annius Verus. 180-192 AD. Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10. @Roberto Peron, No, Marcus Aurelius was a philosopher (Stoic) the last of the 5 "Good Emperors" and maintained the "Pax Romana). But in reality, it was marked the end of the promise of Rome. Well, kind of, but not really. According to Dio Cassius, Perennis, though ruthless and ambitious, was not personally corrupt and generally administered the state well.[21]. The legions were renamed Commodianae, the fleet which imported grain from Africa was termed Alexandria Commodiana Togata, the Senate was entitled the Commodian Fortunate Senate, his palace and the Roman people themselves were all given the name Commodianus, and the day on which these reforms were decreed was to be called Dies Commodianus. Ridley Scott's Gladiator (2000) is a Roman historical epic, considered to be one of Scott's directorial movie masterpieces. Pompeianus retired from public life. A small group of conspirators, including the emperors chamberlain and mistress, Marcia, decided to kill him. Upon his death, the Senate declared him a public enemy (a de facto damnatio memoriae) and restored the original name of the city of Rome and its institutions. Having been accepted as emperor by Syria, Judea and Egypt, Cassius carried on his rebellion even after it had become obvious that Marcus was still alive. Striking story! The first attempt used poisoned meat, but Commodus vomited it up. By December of that year, he declared that he would inaugurate the New Year on January 1, 193 as a gladiator in the arena. Commodus ruled with chaos and left chaos in his wake. ( Louisonze/CC BY-SA 3.0 ). Early in 188, Cleander disposed of the current praetorian prefect, Atilius Aebutianus, and took over supreme command of the Praetorian Guard at the new rank of a pugione ("dagger-bearer"), with two praetorian prefects subordinate to him. This ancient Roman biographical article is a stub. The Emperor and his son then travelled to Athens, where they were initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries. The pivotal 2000 historical drama follows the betrayed general, Maximus, on a quest for revenge against Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix), the usurper emperor of Rome, who murdered his wife and son. [40][41] For each appearance in the arena, he charged the city of Rome a million sesterces, straining the Roman economy. In hindsight, he should have kept the tradition of adopting his successor, which would have resulted in an appointment based on merit. Despite the unfair circumstances, Maximus is victorious, killing Commodus with the very blade the emperor had concealed. Maximus : You would fight me? [27] Another event, as recorded by the historian Aelius Lampridius, took place at the Roman baths at Terme Taurine, where the emperor had an attendant thrown into an oven after he had found his bathwater to be lukewarm. The ending of "Gladiator" makes it seem like. Composite Character: Maximus, compared to real life. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, Ti. His outrageous tactics, such as slaying people with disabilities and slaughtering wild beasts in the arena, brought much negative attention, and were believed to have played a role in his eventual assassination. We'll explain. Commodus butchered dozens of animals in single appearances at the Colosseum on other occasions. 1475); the hero wears his characteristic lionskin and wields a club. However, the ending, while sad, is true to Maximus's goals. Marcus Aurelius was the first emperor since Vespasian to have a legitimate biological son, though he himself was the fifth in the line of the so-called Five Good Emperors, also known as the Adoptive Emperors, each of whom had adopted his successor. Political influence then passed to the emperors mistress and two advisers. Commodus was spoilt and decadent and his decadence led to the decline of the empire. From all angles, Commodus was groomed to succeed on the throne. Russell Crowe's Maximus asks the crowd "Are you not entertained?" Unlike the preceding emperors Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius, he seems to have had little interest in the business of administration and tended throughout his reign to leave the practical running of the state to a succession of favourites, beginning with Saoterus, a freedman from Nicomedia who had become his chamberlain. Sporting critical wounds after enacting his vengeance at the end of Gladiator, Maximus dies moments after Commodus. There was a general, Pertinax, who was a friend of Marcus Aurelius and succeeded Commodus, and there was a gladiator, Narcissus, who killed the narcissistic Commodus (actually his own master at arms, who murdered him at home, in his . Roman Emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus was a corrupt ruler who was not well-received by the Roman people during his reign. The ending of "Gladiator" makes it seem like Commodus' death means a new beginning for Rome. These tendencies now increased to megalomaniacal proportions. Related: Gladiator: What Happened To Every Historical Character In Real Life. It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman. His father was the philosopher-king, Marcus Aurelius, who On this channel we focus on Roman History and right now we're doing a video on every Roman Emperor, if you're interested in that subscribe or watch the playlist here: https://bit.ly/32CUA2g. Maximus is a powerful Roman general, loved by the people and the aging Emperor, Marcus Aurelius. Anyone who caught the emperors attention risked also inadvertently invoking his wrath. [44] Dio notes that the targeted senators actually found this more ridiculous than frightening, and chewed on laurel leaves to conceal their laughter. Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164. Gina Dimuro is a New York-based writer and translator. But now, the people want to know how the story ends. It's ironic that we watched the film Gladiator the other night. Indeed, director Ridley Scott's vision of Maximus slowly walking toward his family through the fields of their farm as he's dying is one of the most moving moments in movie history. In November 192, Commodus held Plebeian Games, in which he shot hundreds of animals with arrows and javelins every morning, and fought as a gladiator every afternoon, winning all the fights. [15], On 23 December 176, the two imperatores celebrated a joint triumph. His body was buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian. He served jointly with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until the latter's death in 180, and thereafter he reigned alone until his assassination. The executions of the senators had whet his appetite for blood and he devoted himself to combats of wild beasts and of men. Not merely content to hunt in private, the emperor began to perform in the Colosseum itself, competing as a gladiator to the delight of the crowds and horror of the senate, as depicted in Gladiator. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! The poison failed, so Narcissus entered Commodus's bedchamber. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. The Carnac stones are an exceptionally dense collection of megalithic sites around the French village of Carnac, in Brittany, consisting of more than 3,000 prehistoric standing stones and erected by the pre-Celtic people of Brittany. The assassination attempt marked a turning point in Commodus reign, for once [he had] tasted human blood, he became incapable of pity or remorse. He began executing people without regard for rank, wealth, or sex. Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) takes power and strips rank from Maximus (Russell Crowe), one of the favored generals of his predecessor and father, Empero Dio Cassius 73.10.2, Loeb edition translated E. Cary. A work of history that reads like fiction, The Gladiator brings to life Spartacus, Commodus, Caligula, and all of the other memorable players of the nearly thousand-year-long gladiatorial era. Cassius Dio recorded one incident where, after becoming tired out, Commodus ordered a cup of chilled wine to him and drank it at one gulp. In an amusing anecdote, Dio continued, At this both the populace and we senators all immediately shouted out the words so familiar at drinking-bouts, Long life to you!'. The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and his death during Maximus final fight in the Colosseum is an example of the films historical inaccuracy. He was left-handed and very proud of the fact. In the contest, Maximus is a victim of foul play as Commodus preemptively wounds him, then later produces a blade. The slave who became a gladiator. Commodus : The general who became a slave. Its protagonist, Maximus, is entirely fictitious. Wikimedia CommonsA bust of Roman Emperor Commodus, styled as if he were a reincarnation of Hercules, which is precisely what he believed himself to be. Herodian's Roman History F.L. It's a great story of revenge but the character of Maximus is entirely made up. "Back!" he cried. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. She believes that only by understanding where we come from, can we truly understand our life path and purpose. 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