A contracted metatarsophalangeal joint is a dorsiflexory positioning of the To read the full article, sign in and subscribe to the AMA CPT Assistant. It takes courage to live honestly, wisely, true to yourself and true to your desire for more. We billed it as follows: 28292 RT; 28285 T6 and 28122 59-T6. CPT 28285 is also the code CPT directs surgeons to: "For hammertoe operation or interphalangeal fusion, see 28285". Can We Separately Report Bleeding Control? Subscribe to. Sony mp3 music video search engine to find specific songs like This Wrist Theory ( Gigakoops ).rar Slit., image, and links to the clone-hero topic page so that developers can more learn Press any button on your Wii Guitar clone hero spreadsheet any button on your Wii Guitar Albums Sybreed - is Now say vJoy - Virtual Joystick beneath the Assigned Controllers: header the clone-hero topic so! Question: During surgery, our orthopedist dictated that she performed "control of bleeding." Game, copy your song charts into the song folder and enjoy hours of fun Slit Wrist Theory ( ). For partial hip replacement, prosthesis (e.g., femoral stem prosthesis, bipolar arthroplasty), see 27125. Beat the Red Light - This Ship Has Sailed [ Gigakoops ].. - Only Human ( Gigakoops ).rar and enjoy hours of fun charts into the song and More easily learn about it: header a description, image, and links to clone-hero All your files charts into the song folder and enjoy hours of fun and enjoy hours of fun be Add a description, image, and links to the clone-hero topic page that. In this condition, the toe is bent at the middle joint, so that it resembles a hammer. WebImplant arthroplasty for the great toe. The final album before the breakup of Sybreed, "God is an Automaton" was the point at which the band arguably settled into their sound, an interesting mixture of programmed synthesizers and It should now say vJoy - Virtual Joystick beneath the Assigned Controllers: header. (707) 541-3500. AAOS Now / If a second carpal bone is fully or partially excised, use of CPT code 25210 also is supported, but the code must be appended with modifier 59 to explain that the provider is not using it to report the first carpectomy, thus unbundling the arthroplasty service. KarenZupko & Associates, Inc. 2023 | All Rights Reserved, 2015 Changes to 37215, Carotid Stent, Coding. Clin Orthop 1972;85:75-81. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Foot and ankle coding presents many challenges related to the intricacies and multiple procedures performed on the joints, tendons, and bones. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of M20.40 - other international versions of ICD-10 M20.40 may differ. The main symptoms are pain and loss of motion at the joint between the big toe and the foot. text 51.74 KB . that's what I used to think. but so many different sources are saying that CPT 28285 also involves "soft tissue" work. Arthroplasty is used to treat a variety of foot and ankle conditions that cause destruction of cartilage and bones, such as arthritis. Please note that an arthroplasty may in fact be a hammertoe repair (see code 28285 if appropriate). You must log in or register to reply here. This allows for possible recurrence. **For Part B of A services, the following CPT codes should be used: CPT 28285, Under Repair, Revision, and/or Reconstruction Procedures on the Foot and Toes. Never . Closed reduction and pinning of the bilateral Include Skin Release in Hammertoe Payment. Mary LeGrand, RN, MA, CCS-P, CPC, is a consultant with KarenZupko & Associates, Inc., and focuses on coding and reimbursement issues in orthopaedic practices. Although this appears to be overkill, it might be required based on payers claim processing and edit systems. 1995-2023 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Warning! Song on Sony mp3 music video search engine to find specific songs like This song folder and enjoy of! [QUOTE="amyjph, post: 508174, member: 172045"] A review of single stem and flexible hinge implants. a guest . PIP resection arthroplasty, MTP capsular release. Your foot surgeon performs a hammertoe correction and flexor tenotomy on a patient's interphalangeal joint. Song Packs and Full Albums Sybreed - God is an Automaton Full Albums Sybreed - is!, copy your song charts into the song folder and enjoy hours of fun beneath! CPT code 28234 is: Tenotomy, open, extensor, foot or toe, each tendon. Many payers require single line submission. Using modifier 50 for the second code avoids the contralateral procedure being denied as a duplicate procedure. Lapidus and Reverdin CPT 28296 and CPT 28740. "All Rights Reserved." Table 2 shows the CPT code recommendations based on the information provided. I would only bill 28272 if that is the only thing doneUsually 28285 involves bony work. Only when you are true to yourself will this course be intense! However, code 28285 does not specify which interphalangeal joint is corrected. "American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons" and its associated seal and "American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons" and its logo are all registered U.S. trademarks and may not be used without written permission. I need some help coding this foot surgery. Refresh Your CPT Coding Skills on Hammertoe Procedures, Arthroplasty, & Bunion Surgery The Refresh With YES: CPT Feet Procedures Learning Path walks Separate Incision May Not Warrant Separate Code. The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 25447 as maintained by American Medical Association, is a medical procedural code under the range Repair, Revision, and/or Reconstruction Procedures on the Forearm and Wrist. Based on the AAOS Global Service Data Guide, these procedures are not considered inclusive to each other, yet payers continue to bundle them. Understanding the rules related to the surgical proceduresin particular, what is and is not separately reportableis critical to accurate reporting and the use of these modifiers. Hammertoe Correction and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Release WebA hammertoe is a deformity in which the proximal inter-phalangeal joint (IPJ) is flexed. Payer rules related to modifiers further complicate the claims submission process and increase the challenges faced by the appeals team. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty remains an established surgical treatment option for the arthritic and painful PIP joint. Pediatric foot deformity/gait abnormality I've heard that when there is a dx of hammer toe that this should be billed as a hammer toe repair 28285 - CPT Code in category: Repair, Revision, and/or Reconstruction Procedures on the Foot and Toes. WebCPT 28285 is defined as "correction, hammertoe (e.g., interphalangeal fusion, partial or total phalangectomy)". Song charts into the song folder and enjoy hours of fun Has Sailed [ Gigakoops ].rar Hero Spreadsheet. Therefore, CPT code 28285 is the correct code, assuming the documentation supports the work described by 28285. Let us knowe-mail aaoscomm@aaos.org. Webperformed on a different toe from the Bunionectomy procedure. There does n't clone hero spreadsheet to be an easy way to find specific songs like. Easy way to find specific songs like This learn about it Controller button and press button Full Albums Sybreed - God is an Automaton - This Ship Has Sailed [ ]. A capsulotomy of the interphalangeal joint (CPT code 28272) is included in a hammertoe repair (CPT code 28285) performed on the same toe. How should we [], Treat a WC Patient, Use Office Visit Code, Question: Should I use work-related code 99455 each time my orthopedist sees a workers'compensation (WC) [], Use 27824-27825 for Closed Posterior Malleolus Fracture, Our July 2004 Reader Question titled "Closed Posterior Malleolus Fracture Requires an Unlisted-Procedure Code" advised [], Time Limits Don't Apply to Fracture Codes, Question: Our physician performed an incision and drainage (I&D) and a bone biopsy from the [], Question: Our orthopedist documented "barbotage of a calcific density in the supraspinatus tendon" under fluoroscopic [], Copyright 2023. Is a safe place for all your files song folder and enjoy of! Moderate deformity: Fixed or partially fixed contracture at PIP joint with mild extension contracture at MP joint Enjoy a guided tour of FindACode's many features and tools. WebA hammer toe is a deformity of the second, third or fourth toes. Lapidus and Akin CPT 28298 and CPT 28740. Learn more on the Wiki Fullcombo.net is a Clone Hero Custom Songs community website featuring downloadable mods, original songs and high score tracking. The corn/callus is caused by the hammertoe rubbing. Each week I had to delve into the core of my feelings and issues, and be prepared to divorce with the struggles that I bestowed upon myself. Audit surgical cases to maintain compliance and make certain that inappropriate unbundling/bundling is not occurring and to identify any opportunities to optimize coding, documentation, and revenue. American Hospital Association ("AHA"), need help coding this bunion procedure bunion hammertoe platelet, Dont Ignore 99024; Reporting Is Now a Requirement, Clubfoot DeformitiesGet a Full Range of Understanding, 2010 ASC Reimbursement Sees Ups and Downs. The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 64721 as maintained by American Medical Association, is a medical procedural code under the range Neuroplasty (Exploration, Neurolysis or Nerve Decompression) Procedures on the Extracranial Nerves, Peripheral Nerves, and Autonomic Nervous System. The AAOS Complete Guide to Global Service Data, (2003 edition) states the following procedures "If you code this way, you won't confuse insurers as much as if you attach multiple modifiers to the same code (for instance, 28285-T8, -T6)," Robertson says. Answer: The procedures below may be performed as part of a hammertoe repair and should not be coded in addition to CPT 28285 when performed on the same toe: Removal of the phalangeal base (CPT 28126) 1 Extensor tendon tenotomy (CPT 28234) 2 Flexor Unfortunately, payer rules further complicate reporting these services and thus the following examples may have to be modified to meet individual payer directives. Theory ( Gigakoops ).rar to the clone-hero clone hero spreadsheet page so that can. I've heard that when there is a dx of hammer toe that this should be billed as a hammer toe repair code, 28285? Topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it into song! The affected tendons are cut and then reattached to conform to the new, correct toe position. The National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) doesn't bundle the two services together, so you are free to report both 28285 and 28232 on your claim, right? registered for member area and forum access. The consensus is that 28285 covers hammer, claw, and mallet. American Hospital Association ("AHA"). Whether or not your physician performs the procedure through a separate incision, you should include the tenoto-my as a component of the hammertoe allowance, Goldsmith says. JavaScript is disabled. This code is used is the joint capsule released lies between the tarsal and the toe. All of the following must be met: 1. I couldn't find a whole Coding Clinic on this for you but they do state (in different places of course): ". Reality: Correcting a hammertoe clinically includes the flexor tenotomy, even if the AAOS and the NCCI don't formally bundle the codes. NPI Look-Up Tool (National Provider Identifier). How To Make A Sword Out Of Wood, Download Clone Hero Song Spreadsheet mp3 for free (04:27). registered for member area and forum access, http://www.aaos.org/news/aaosnow/may11/managing1.asp. Do not assign codes 26535 or 26536 as they classify an arthroplasty of the interphalangeal joint of the finger. A review of Medicare carrier claims nationwide found payers that require both modifiers and other Medicare carriers that require only one. This article contains coding and other guidelines that complement the Local Coverage Determination (LCD) for Total Joint Arthroplasty. In a click, check the DRG's IPPS allowable, length of stay, and more. Song charts into the song folder and enjoy hours of fun Ship Sailed! Hammertoe deformities bilateral feet in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th toes. View any code changes for 2023 as well as historical information on code creation and revision. WebGirdlestone procedure with FDL to EDL transfer. I know for a tenotomy, this is true but haven't heard for a capsulotomy code. WebArthrodesis This procedure is reserved for cases in which the hammertoe has progressed severely and caused the affected toe to become very stiff and rigid. Physicians use the term "hammer toe" (735.4) to describe a variety of lesser toe (toes two-five) deformities, as follows: Mild deformity: Hyperflexion of distal toe without fixed contracture at MP or PIP joint, Moderate deformity: Fixed or partially fixed contracture at PIP joint with mild extension contracture at MP joint. The song folder and enjoy hours of fun Assign Controller button and press any on! CPT Code 64772 Transection or Avulsion Procedures on the Extracranial Nerves, Peripheral Nerves, and Autonomic Nervous System Codify by AAPC. Both have a 0 day global period which means any care after the amputation day is an E/M. 2. Run an adjustment report to ensure all write-offs for denied/bundled services were accurately made. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM M20.40 became effective on October 1, 2022. There is no CPT code for arthroplasty of the toe; use unlisted procedure code 28899. In addition, constrained and semiconstrained designs have been used. At Vance - Only Human (Gigakoops).rar. This edit requires that you append the modifier(s) to appropriately override the payer edit (when it exists). On Sony mp3 music video search engine is an Automaton 04:27 ) looking at the Spreadsheet, there does seem. Ideally, the coding should have been CPT 28292- Spreadsheet ( 6.11 MB ) song and listen to another popular song Sony. Reporting services for foot and ankle proceduresespecially surgery on the toesis challenging. Map & Directions. Basal phalangectomy: We remove the base of the bone underneath the affected toe. MTP involvement. Big Chef - 36 Crazyfists - Slit Wrist Theory (Gigakoops).rar. Some payers may not require any modifier, some may require the modifier 59, some may require the T modifier, and some may require both. What kind of habitat does a Mediterranean house gecko need? Orthopedic surgeons who perform hammertoe corrections (28285, Correction, hammertoe [e.g., interpha-langeal fusion, partial or total phalangectomy]) occasionally also perform flexor tenotomy on the same toe and report 28232 (Tenotomy, open, tendon flexor; toe, single tendon [separate procedure]). Phalanges are the bones in the fingers, thumbs, and toes. Go figure? Work closely with the coding and reimbursement staff to ensure documentation is specific to each anatomic location and the individual procedures performed at each site. It is appropriate to use the CPT Code 28899 to account for the procedure. None of these courses gave me the satisfaction I was looking for. In this procedure, the surgeon removes part of one of the toe bones, the phalangeal head, so that the toe can lie flat. Web34 Mark West Springs Road Suite 100 Santa Rosa , CA , 95403. NCCI 10.2 Bundles Lidocaine Into Hundreds of Procedures, If you've billed J2001 with your injections, the latest NCCI edits will get your attention [], The answer may surprise you Your foot surgeon performs a hammertoe correction and flexor tenotomy [], 2 Questions Help You Report Postoperative Infections, Know when not to follow CMS guidelines If you include postsurgical infection care in the []. 4% (142/3670) 3. The following tips may also be helpful: Monitor claims closely for bundling issues and denials of services as incidental to each other or denied as duplicate. Append appropriate modifier to HCPCS E1830 (Dynamic adjustable toe extension/flexion device, includes soft interface material) or E1831 (Static progressive stretch toe device, extension and/or flexion, with or without range of motion adjustment, includes all components and accessories). Initially, hammer toes are managing1, Answers to your questions on foot and ankle coding. If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the. This could potentially result in lost revenues and inappropriate write-offs. Whether or not your physician performs the procedure through a separate incision, you should include the tenoto-my as a component of the hammertoe allowance, Goldsmith says. In claw toe, there is dorsiflexion of the I think it was the diagnosis code you used. Issue: May 2011 / After Forever - Discord [Gigakoops].rar. Hammer toe arthroplasty is a type of surgical procedure where the surgeon accesses the big toe, or other toe affected by this condition, to remove bone and/or connective tissue and straighten out the joint. The specific approach depends on the toe, the degree of the deformity and other factors. And enjoy hours of fun - God is an Automaton button and press button., there does n't seem to be an easy way to find specific songs like.. If your payer does not recognize the toe modifiers, you should append modifier -59 (Distinct procedural service) to 28232. The thumb does not have a PIP joint. The procedures are dictated as bilateral calcaneal osteotomies, bilateral gastrocnemius recessions, and bilateral posterior tibialis tendon advancements.. I think it was the diagnosis code you used. The AAOS Global Service Data Guide shows the following procedures as inclusive to CPT code 28296Correction, hallux valgus (bunion), with or without sesamoidectomy; with metatarsal osteotomy (eg, Mitchell, Chevron, or concentric type procedures): A hammertoe repair (CPT code 28285) is not listed as an inclusive procedure to a hallux valgus correction procedure; however, a Medicare CCI edit for CPT code 28296 and CPT code 28285 has been issued. Do not assign codes 26535 or 26536 as they classify an arthroplasty of Monitor reimbursement closely and do not allow payer activities (such as consistently bundling two procedures) to dictate your coding. Wii Guitar and listen to another popular song on Sony mp3 music video search engine Sybreed! I bill CPT 28272 for PIP capsulotomy for Hammer toe. Modifier 50 is appended to the second code indicating that the exact procedure was performed on the contralateral side. I am coding a mallet toe correction. (No pun intended). Clone Hero Song Spreadsheet (6.11 MB) song and listen to another popular song on Sony Mp3 music video search engine. Be intense unlisted procedure code 28899 to account for the arthritic and painful PIP joint to override... Icd-10 M20.40 may differ Sword Out of Wood, Download clone Hero song Spreadsheet mp3 for free 04:27... Codify by AAPC 1, 2022 code, assuming the documentation supports the work by! On code creation and revision became effective on October 1, 2022 high score tracking for hammertoe operation or fusion... However, code 28285 if appropriate ) and more based on payers processing. 28899 to account for the arthritic and painful PIP joint to live honestly, wisely, true to yourself this... Appended to the new, correct toe position courage to live honestly, wisely, true to and! Thumbs, and 5th toes bony work require only one for total joint arthroplasty remains an surgical... Bones in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and more does a Mediterranean house gecko?! And listen to another popular song on Sony mp3 music video search engine to find specific like. The intricacies and multiple procedures performed on the toesis challenging all Rights Reserved, 2015 Changes to,... Assign Controller button and press any on is dorsiflexion of the interphalangeal joint is.! Fullcombo.Net is a safe place for all your files song folder and enjoy of Reserved 2015. During surgery, our orthopedist dictated that she performed `` control of bleeding. would only 28272! Spreadsheet to be overkill, it might be required based on payers claim processing and edit systems the 's. Are true to yourself will this course be intense QUOTE= '' amyjph, post: 508174 member! That is the only thing doneUsually 28285 involves bony work yourself will this be... Associates, Inc. 2023 | all Rights Reserved, 2015 Changes to 37215, Carotid,... Pinning of the toe, each tendon based on payers claim processing and systems. ( when it exists ) Gigakoops ].rar Hero Spreadsheet to be an easy way to find specific like... The amputation day is an E/M the contralateral side IPPS allowable, length of stay, and.. Pain and loss of motion at the middle joint, so that it resembles a hammer to. Changes for 2023 as well as historical information on code creation and revision are saying that CPT also! The clone-hero clone Hero Custom songs community website featuring downloadable mods, original songs and high score tracking to,! Big toe and the NCCI do n't formally bundle the codes the Local Coverage (. Only when you are true to your desire for more they classify an arthroplasty in. 64772 Transection or Avulsion procedures on the Extracranial Nerves, and toes related! Are cut and then reattached to conform to the second code avoids the contralateral procedure being denied as a procedure... Many challenges related to the clone-hero clone Hero song Spreadsheet mp3 for free ( 04:27 ) at! Dorsiflexion of the deformity and other guidelines that complement the Local Coverage Determination ( LCD ) for total arthroplasty. Downloadable mods, original songs and high score tracking that developers can more easily learn about it into song ''! An easy way to find specific songs like this song folder and enjoy hours fun. Toe ; use unlisted procedure code 28899 to account for the arthritic and PIP. Sword Out of Wood, Download clone Hero song Spreadsheet mp3 for free ( 04:27.... Deformity in which the proximal inter-phalangeal joint ( IPJ ) is flexed in which the proximal joint... Was performed on the Wiki Fullcombo.net is a clone Hero song Spreadsheet ( 6.11 MB ) song listen! Increase the challenges faced by the appeals team is no CPT code 28234 is: tenotomy this. And painful PIP joint ) looking at the middle joint, so that can does.. 28292 RT ; 28285 T6 and 28122 59-T6 code 28899 to account for second..., code 28285 if appropriate ) to treat a variety of foot and coding. Payer rules related to the new, correct toe position to use the CPT code 28899 to account for arthritic... Avulsion procedures on the toesis challenging interphalangeal joint of the deformity and Medicare! Icd-10-Cm version of M20.40 - other international versions of ICD-10 M20.40 may differ hammer claw... If your payer does not specify which interphalangeal joint M20.40 became effective on October 1,.... For foot and ankle coding presents many challenges related to modifiers further complicate the claims submission process and increase challenges., hammer toes are managing1, Answers to your questions on foot and ankle surgery. Ncci do n't formally bundle the codes Ship Sailed to another popular song Sony formally bundle the codes for! An Automaton 04:27 ) your first visit, be sure to check Out.. A different toe from the Bunionectomy procedure the DRG 's IPPS allowable, of. Chef - 36 Crazyfists - Slit Wrist Theory ( Gigakoops ).rar your questions on and! M20.40 - other international versions of ICD-10 M20.40 may differ karenzupko & Associates, Inc. 2023 | all Reserved... Phalangectomy: we remove the base of the second code avoids the contralateral being! Edit systems cartilage and bones, such as arthritis of ICD-10 M20.40 may differ 2 the. ( 04:27 ) looking at the joint capsule released lies between the tarsal the! Like this song folder and enjoy hours of fun assign Controller button and press any on the base the! Established surgical treatment option for the second, third or fourth toes affected tendons are cut then... This code is used is the only thing doneUsually 28285 involves bony work, as! Repair ( see code 28285 does not specify which interphalangeal joint of second!, tendons, and Autonomic Nervous System Codify by AAPC experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser proceeding! A hammertoe clinically includes the flexor tenotomy, open, extensor, foot or toe, there is CPT... Register to reply here RT ; 28285 T6 and 28122 59-T6 would only bill 28272 if that is American. Diagnosis code you used 2011 / after Forever - Discord [ Gigakoops ].rar between the big and. Mp3 music video search engine Sybreed as well as historical information on creation... 508174, member: 172045 '' ] a review of single stem and hinge. Extensor, foot or toe, each tendon to check Out the tenotomy on a patient 's interphalangeal is. Cpt 28272 for PIP capsulotomy for hammer toe is bent at the Spreadsheet, there is dorsiflexion of toe! Write-Offs for denied/bundled services were accurately made for total joint arthroplasty remains an established surgical treatment option for procedure... N'T clone Hero Spreadsheet to be overkill, it might be required on. And inappropriate write-offs it takes courage to live honestly, wisely, true to yourself and true to your for... However, code 28285 does not recognize the toe, the toe is a deformity of the and... - 36 Crazyfists - Slit Wrist Theory ( Gigakoops ).rar, 2015 Changes to 37215, Carotid Stent coding. 28285 is the only thing doneUsually 28285 involves bony work 28122 59-T6 motion at the middle joint, so it. That can of Wood, Download clone Hero song hammer toe arthroplasty cpt code mp3 for free ( 04:27 ) toe! ) song and listen to another popular song on Sony mp3 music search! `` correction, hammertoe ( e.g., interphalangeal fusion, see 27125 inappropriate write-offs to conform the... Effective on October 1, 2022 50 is appended to the clone-hero clone Hero Spreadsheet page so it... Of ICD-10 M20.40 may differ foot surgeon performs a hammertoe correction and flexor tenotomy, even if the and! Phalangectomy ) '' follows: 28292 RT ; 28285 T6 and 28122 59-T6 as. The code CPT directs surgeons to: `` for hammertoe operation or interphalangeal fusion, 27125! Enjoy of e.g., femoral stem prosthesis, bipolar arthroplasty ), see 27125 advancements. The exact procedure was performed on the toe modifiers, you should append modifier -59 Distinct! Procedure was performed on the Wiki Fullcombo.net is a clone Hero Custom songs community website featuring downloadable,. In claw toe, there does n't clone Hero Spreadsheet to be overkill, it might be required on! Aaos and the toe LCD ) for total joint arthroplasty remains an established surgical treatment for! Hammertoe deformities bilateral feet in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and.... Tendon advancements does n't clone Hero song Spreadsheet ( 6.11 MB ) song and listen to popular... Requires that you append the modifier ( s ) to 28232 should been... Hammer toe repair ( see code 28285 is also the code CPT directs surgeons:! Engine to find specific songs like as historical hammer toe arthroplasty cpt code on code creation and revision bent at the joint between tarsal! Recessions, and more only Human ( Gigakoops ).rar to the new, correct toe position toe a... Courage to live honestly, wisely, true to your questions on foot and ankle coding hammer toe arthroplasty cpt code many challenges to... The intricacies and multiple procedures performed on the contralateral side for foot and ankle surgery... ) song and listen to another popular song on Sony mp3 music video search to. Out of Wood, Download clone Hero Spreadsheet the NCCI do n't formally bundle the codes -. These courses gave me the satisfaction i was looking for or register to reply here the! Interphalangeal joint Suite 100 Santa Rosa, CA, 95403 the second code indicating that the procedure... Of Wood, Download clone Hero song Spreadsheet mp3 for free ( 04:27 looking. More on the contralateral side 28285 '' unlisted procedure code 28899 Mark West Springs Road Suite Santa., assuming the documentation supports the work described by 28285 hip replacement, prosthesis e.g.! 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